![]() A total of 40 dams and 20 buck of Begait goat breeds were distributed for 20 beneficiaries for evaluation of the Begait goat breed in comparison of Abergelle goat breed. Data on kids' growth performance and survival rate and milk production were collected from 48 Begait kids, 45 Abergelle kids, 40 Begait dams and 37 Abergelle dams respectively for one year. The study was carried out in Tanqua Abergelle District to evaluate the growth and production performance of Begait and Abergelle goat breeds and their F1 kids managed under traditional management practice. Major diseases that affect reproductive and productive performance of cattle in the study area were abortion, retained placenta, anthrax, hypocalcaemia, skin diseases, black leg, mastitis Bovine pastorollosis and FMD. Totally, 162 ES serviced sampled cows were taken and analyzed data showed that 33.5% were gave birth which indicate that there is poor conception rate. Major type of improved forage in the area on a small piece of land were desho, elephant grass and sesbania sesban respectively. In this area tethering in grazing land, let to graze in grazing land, indoor feed and combination of all type feeding practice were 59.3%, 15.9%, 8.8% and 15.9% respectively was feeding practices in the study area. ![]() ![]() In both local and cross breed calving interval in the year between 1-2yr was the dominant calving interval range. Milk yield were 55.7% higher in the range of 1-2 l/day than >3 l/day for local breed and 3.5% higher for 2-5 l/day than > 8 l/day for cross breed. Cattles are mainly milked twice per day that is 94.7% and only 5.3% cattle are milked thrice per day for the first 2-3 weeks but the amount of milk milked during afternoon was under a liter. In the study area Cattle are reared mainly for milk and meat production, as saving and for draft purpose respectively. The objectives of the research were to understand prevalence of reproductive disease and its loss, to forward appropriate intervention strategy to alleviate losses and to create awareness about management activities. A total of 112 questioners were filled at Kaffa and Bench Maji zones of south west of Ethiopian's estrous synchronization stations. The research was undertaken to asses' factors affecting efficiency and effectiveness of synchronization based breed improvement schemes: threats, opportunities and the way forward. Although many problems and constraints that may hinder the development of the dairy sector were identified in the area, the interviewed households of both study areas (69.17%) and (24.81%) Chencha and kucha respectively were willing to continue, expand and/or involve in dairying in the future. The main reasons for feed shortage indicated by the respondents were cultivation of grazing lands, declining yields of grazing land and increase of livestock population. This study revealed that 66(49.6%) and 65(48.87%) respondents in Chencha and kucha respectively indicated that shortage of animal feed is the most important problem hindering dairy development. Most importantchallenges of dairy production in the study were feed shortage, disease and parasite, poor breed improvement practices and lack of experience in improved dairy cattle management. A total of 266 households were involved as respondents and 133 respondents participated in each district and data were collected through structured questionnaires. Multi-stage purposive and simple random sampling procedures were implemented at three stages. This study was conducted in eighteen kebeles of Chencha and Kucha districts of Southern Ethiopia with the objective to assess the challenges and opportunities of dairy production. The overall mean and standard error of linear measurements of the breed in cm was 111.25 ± 0.44, 101.24 ± 0.29, 136.09 ± 0.51, 16.54 ± 0.09, 21.66 ± 0.33, 38.31 ±v0.12 and 28.93 ± 0.12 for Body length, Height at wither, Chest girth, Ear length, Horn length, Muzzle circumference and Hock circumference respectively. Large body size was the first ranked trait for both male and female to select breeding male and female. The average reproductive lifespan of Bonga breeding male and female was 4.51± 0.16 and 16.05 ± 0.42 years respectively. The overall mean age at first calving (AFC) of Bonga breeding female was 4.96 ± 0.09 years. Analyzed data showed that the average age at first mating for male was 3.55 ± 0.07 and for female 3.94 ± 0.09. Bonga bull reach for drought power was at the age of 3.53 ± 0.66 year. The production system in the study area was mixed crop-livestock production system. Totally 138 households were selected to interview by using structured questionnaires and Morphological measurements were collected from 372 female and 76 male totally 448 mature cattle used randomly. Discussions with key informants, field study on morphological characteristics, survey with structured questionnaires, linear body measurements and secondary data were sources of data.
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